Cardiogenic Shock Nursing Care Plans Diagnosis and Interventions
NCLEX Review on Cardiogenic Shock and Nursing Care Plans
Cardiogenic shock is a serious condition that occurs when the heart is unable to supply the body with enough oxygen-rich blood to meet its demands.
When organs fail due to lack of oxygen, it can be fatal. This is a life-threatening situation that requires immediate medical attention.
A heart attack or heart failure are the most common causes of cardiogenic shock.
Systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 90 mm Hg for more than 30 minutes or support to maintain systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 90 mm Hg and urine output less than or equal to 30 mL/h, or cold extremities are found among the clinical requirements.
The two hemodynamic criteria include low cardiac index (less than or equal to 2.2 liters per minute per square meter of body surface area) and high pulmonary capillary pressure (greater than 15 mm Hg).
Cardiogenic shock is a condition that results in end-organ hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia due to a low cardiac output state of circulatory failure.
sharpmyocardial infarctionit is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock, however, various diseases that affect the myocardium, valves, conduction system, or pericardium can also induce cardiogenic shock.
Despite advances in reperfusion therapy and mechanical circulatory support, morbidity and mortality among patients with cardiogenic shock remain high.
Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock
- Chest painthat lasts more than a few minutes or that goes away and comes back. Your chest may feel heavy, tight, full, or numb. Pressure, pain, burning or tightness are all possible sensations. The discomfort may be similar to heartburn. Chest discomfort is not always the main symptom for some patients, especially women.
- Pain in the upper body and/or left arm
- Upper abdominal, throat, or jaw pain
- Breathing problems
- Sweat, sometimes known as "cold sweats"
- Fast or erratic heartbeat
- Feeling extremely tired, dizzy, and/or worried
Cardiogenic shock can also cause the following symptoms:
- Confusion or lack of knowledge
- Fainting
- hypotension
- weak peripheral pulses
- breathing difficulties
- Urinating less often than usual
- Cold, clammy hands and feet
- pale complexion
- feeling very exhausted
- Swelling in the abdomen and legs.
- appetite problems
Causes of cardiogenic shock
Heart attack is the main cause of cardiogenic shock. The heart's main pumping chamber can be damaged by a major heart attack (left ventricle). the body can't get enough oxygen-rich blood when this happens.
The right lower chamber of the heart (right ventricle) is injured in rare cases of cardiogenic shock. The right ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to thelungs, where it receives oxygen before passing to the rest of the body.
Cardiogenic shock can also be caused by other disorders that weaken the heart, such as:
- Damaged myocardium secondary to infarction
- Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis)
- Infection of the inner lining and valves of the heart (endocarditis)
- Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
- Excess fluid or blood around the heart (cardiac tamponade)
- A blood clot in the lung that unexpectedly interrupts a blood vessel (pulmonary embolism)
- A problem with the heart valve, such as damaged muscles that support the valve or a faulty artificial valve
- Damage to the septum, which separates the left and right ventricles of the heart
- Heart failure
- chest trauma
The mechanism of cardiogenic shock is complex and poorly understood. Myocardial ischemia causes interruption of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, resulting in a significant reduction in myocardial contractility. This, in turn, triggers a potentially fatal vicious cycle of decreased cardiac output and arterial hypotension, which maintains coronary ischemia and contractility degradation. Several compensatory physiological processes arise. Among them are:
- Activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to peripheral vasoconstriction, may improve coronary perfusion at the expense of increased afterload, and
- Tachycardia increases myocardial oxygen demand, exacerbating myocardial ischemia.
Cardiogenic shock risk factors
Cardiogenic shock can occur in approximately 5% to 8% of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) cases and in 2% to 3% of NON-STEMI cases. In the United States, this can be as high as 40,000 to 50,000 cases per year.
Cardiogenic shock occurs most often in the following groups of patients:
- patients withdiabetesand hypertension
- Patients with a history of heart failure or myocardial infarction
- patients withcoronary artery disease
- Left ventricular injury in the past
- old population
- Female
Diagnosis of Cardiogenic Shock
In patients with cardiogenic shock, prompt diagnosis, supportive care, and coronary artery revascularization are essential for optimal outcomes. A careful history, elicitation of any current or recent symptoms experienced by the patient, and physical examination are helpful in diagnosing cardiogenic shock. Health professionals may discover the following indicators of cardiogenic shock during a physical exam:
- a slow pulse
- cold clammy skin
- low blood pressure
- Irregular heart rhythm or heart murmur on auscultation
Various tests can be used to determine whether or not the patient has cardiogenic shock. These tests include:
- Blood pressure measurement: To check for low blood pressure, wear a blood pressure cuff.
- cardiac catheterization– this is a treatment that allows the doctor to locate blockages in the arteries that supply blood to the heart (coronary arteries). A catheterization may also be used to check how much blood the heart pumps with each beat (cardiac output). A catheter is a long, thin tube that is placed into an artery through a small hole in the wrist or groin.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): A recording of the heart's electrical activity (heart rhythm).
- Echocardiogram: An echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart that allows a health care professional to assess its strength and look for structural abnormalities, such as valve problems.
- Chest X-ray: Used to check the lungs for fluid and take pictures of the heart and blood vessels.
- Blood tests: to assess oxygen levels in the blood and damage to major organs, such as the kidneys, heart, andliver. The electrolyte level will also be checked.
Cardiogenic shock treatment
Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening disorder that requires immediate medical attention. To prevent injury, the most important component of treatment is to improve the flow of blood and oxygen to major organs. The most critical intervention and standard therapy for patients with cardiogenic shock due tomyocardial infarctionis the early restoration of coronary blood flow. This can sometimes be done with medication. Support devices may be needed in more severe cases to help the heart.
In a hospital emergency room or intensive care unit, treatment may include:
- Medications given through an IV to help remove excess fluid, increase blood flow, and promote heart function.
- Use supplemental oxygen to maintain breathing.
- A Swan-Ganz catheter, a unique catheter that measures pressures within the heart, is implanted as a temporary monitoring line. This can help the healthcare team accurately monitor response to therapy.
Prevention of cardiogenic shock
Making lifestyle modifications to keep your heart healthy and blood pressure under control is the best strategy to prevent cardiogenic shock.
- Avoidsmokeand secondhand smoke. Quitting smoking is the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of a heart attack.
- Keep the weight under control. Other risk factors for heart attack and cardiogenic shock, such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, are exacerbated by being overweight. Blood pressure and cholesterol levels can be improved by losing just 10 pounds.
- Reduce the consumption of cholesterol and saturated fats. Limiting certain fats, particularly saturated fats, can help you avoid heart disease. Trans fats should be avoided.
- Reduce salt intake. Excess salt (sodium) causes fluid retention in the body, which puts pressure on the heart. Sodium intake should not exceed 2,300 milligrams per day. Many canned and processed foods include salt, so it's a good idea to read food labels.
- Reduce sugar intake. This will help the patient avoid nutrient-deficient calories and maintain a healthy weight.
- Drink in moderation. Drink alcohol in moderation if the patient so desires. For healthy people, this equates to one drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men.
- Exercise every day. Exercise can help lower blood pressure and improve overall heart and blood vessel health. Get at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of strenuous aerobic activity each week, or a combination of both. It is suggested that the patient do this training over the course of a week. Increasing physical exercise will provide even more health benefits.
Since cardiogenic shock is usually caused by a heart attack, seeking prompt treatment for a heart attack is the best method of preventing it. Consult your doctor to determine your risk of heart disease and take steps to improve cardiovascular health. If the patient has coronary artery disease, consult the doctor as soon as possible and follow the treatment plan exactly (medications, lifestyle changes, etc.).
cardiogenic shock nursing diagnosis
Nursing Care Plan for Cardiogenic Shock 1
excess fluid volume
Nursing Diagnosis: Excessive Fluid Volume related to decreased renal perfusion, increased fluid retention, sodium and plasma protein retention, increased or decreased hydrostatic pressure secondary to cardiogenic shock evidenced by altered mental status, cough, crackles, dyspnea, edema, jugular vein distension, orthopnea, respiratory congestion, respiratory distress, and weight gain.
soughtResult: The patient will demonstrate a stable fluid volume as manifested by balanced intake and output, stable weight, normal vital signs, and absence of edema.
| Nursing Interventions in Cardiogenic Shock | Justification |
| Check the amount and color of urine produced. | Due to reduced renal perfusion, urine output may be concentrated and scanty. |
| Listen to the lungs for unusual breath sounds, such as crackles or wheezing. Beware of coughing, dyspnea or orthopnea. | These symptoms may indicatepulmonary edemaas a result of worsening pulmonary congestion, immediate treatment is required. |
| Supervise the entrances and exits of the clients. | Reduced cardiac output can lead to renal failureperfusion and commitment, which can induce water and sodium retention, as well as oliguria. |
| Examine for edema. | Edema can start in the feet and ankles and is a symptom of cardiogenic shock. |
| Check the patient's fluid balance and weight gain. | As regulatory mechanisms weaken, fluid and salt retention occurs. the answer todiureticmedicine is measured by body weight. |
| Check for distention of the jugular veins. | fluid overloadIt can cause distention of the jugular vein. |
| Keep track of the client's electrolyte levels, especially potassium. | Because diuretics increase renal production of potassium, hypokalemia can occur. |
| Monitor the patient's chest X-ray. | Examine chest x-rays to determine if the client's condition is improving or worsening. |
| Position the client in semi fowler. | The semi-Fowler position promotes diuresis by increasing renal filtration and decreasing ADH generation. |
| At least every two hours, rotate the client's position. | Repositioning helps improve breathing, reducespressure ulcersand mobilize secretions. |
| Insist on a low sodium diet for the client. | Fluid and electrolyte retention can be reduced by following a low-salt diet. |
Nursing Care Plan for Cardiogenic Shock 2
decreased cardiac output
Nursing diagnosis: hyperthermia related to cardiac muscle dysfunction, arrhythmias, increased or decreased preload or afterload, impaired left ventricular (LV) contractility, septal abnormalities, and valvular dysfunction secondary to cardiogenic shock evidenced by altered level of consciousness, dyspnea, crackles, and pulmonary abnormalities. congestion, mottled and cyanotic extremities, metabolic acidosis, anuria and/or oliguria, pale, cold, clammy skin,respiratory alkalosis, persistent hypotension with narrowing of the pulse pressure and tachycardia.
soughtResult:The patient will exhibit strong peripheral pulses, HR 60 to 100 beats per minute with a regular rhythm, systolic BP within 20 mm Hg of baseline, urine output of 30 mL/h or more, hot dry skin, and state of mind. normal consciousness that is consistent with a person with adequate cardiac output.
| Nursing Interventions in Cardiogenic Shock | Justification |
| Check the level of consciousness for any changes. | Early indicators of cerebral hypoxia include restlessness and anxiety, while later stages include confusion and loss of consciousness. Decreased perfusion to vital organs is especially dangerous for the elderly. |
| Assess the client's heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse pressure. As indicated, use direct intra-arterial monitoring. | To maintain adequate cardiac output, sinus tachycardia and arterial hypertension are observed in the early stages. As the situation worsens, the BP decreases. Due to vasoconstriction, auscultatory BP may be inaccurate. The shock reduces the pulse pressure (systolic minus diastolic). As older clients have a lower response to catecholamines, their response to decreased cardiac output may be dampened, resulting in a lesser increase in heart rate. |
| Review the client's heart rate, rhythm, and electrocardiogram (ECG). | Low perfusion, acidosis, or hypoxia, as well as the negative effects of cardiac drugs used to treat this disease, can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Myocardial ischemia (ST segment and T wave changes) or pericardial tamponade can be detected by a 12-lead ECG (decreased voltage of the QRS complex). |
| Listen for galloping heart (S3, S4). | S3 is a classic symptom of left ventricular failure that occurs when blood impinges on a compatible left ventricle during passive filling of the left ventricle. S4 is related to a reduction in ventricular compliance, which affects diastolic filling. |
| Assess the client's central and peripheral pulses. | The pulses are weak, and the stroke volume and cardiac output are low. |
| Examine the capillary filler. | Capillary refill is slow and infrequent. |
| Check the rate and rhythm of the client's breathing and listen for breath sounds. | Rapid, shallow breathing and unexpected breath sounds, such as crackles and wheezing, are signs of cardiogenic shock. |
| Monitor the client's oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas levels. | Pulse oximetry is used to determine the level of oxygen saturation. A normal oxygen saturation of 90% or higher should be maintained. As shock continues, aerobic metabolism stops and lactic acidosis sets in, resulting in increased carbon dioxide levels and a drop in pH. |
| Monitor CVP (Central Venous Pressure), PADP (Pulmonary Artery Diastolic Pressure), Pulmonary Capillary Pressure, and Cardiac Output and Cardiac Index of the client. | Right-sided filling pressures are measured by CVP, while left-sided fluid volumes are measured by pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and pulmonary capillary pressure. |
| Check the client's fluid balance and weight gain. | Impaired regulatory mechanisms cause fluid and salt retention. Water and salt retention can be inferred from body weight. |
Nursing Care Plan for Cardiogenic Shock 3
ineffective tissue perfusion
Nursing diagnosis: Ineffective tissue perfusion related to abnormal arterial blood gas levels and altered mental status secondary to cardiogenic shock, evidenced by a capillary refill time greater than 3 seconds, cyanosis, arrhythmias, dyspnea and oliguria, expressions of great fear and client anxiety, agitation, hyperventilation, tearfulness, and irritability.
soughtResults:The patient will exhibit strong peripheral pulses, HR 60 to 100 beats per minute with a regular rhythm, systolic BP within 20 mm Hg of baseline, balanced ins and outs, warm dry skin, and alert/oriented that is consistent with improved perfusion.
| Nursing Interventions in Cardiogenic Shock | Justification |
| Assess the client's heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse pressure. As indicated, use direct intra-arterial monitoring. | To maintain adequate cardiac output, sinus tachycardia and arterial hypertension are observed in the early stages. As the situation worsens, the BP decreases. Due to vasoconstriction, auscultatory BP may be inaccurate. The shock reduces the pulse pressure (systolic minus diastolic). |
| Examine the level of customer knowledge to detect any changes. | Early indicators of cerebral hypoxia include restlessness and anxiety, while later stages include confusion and loss of consciousness. |
| Examine the client's capillary recharge. | Capillary refill is slow and infrequent. |
| Monitor client's oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas levels | Pulse oximetry is a technique for determining oxygen saturation levels. A normal oxygen saturation of 90% or higher should be maintained. As shock continues, aerobic metabolism stops and lactic acidosis sets in, resulting in increased carbon dioxide levels and a drop in pH. |
| Restrict the client's activities and keep him on bed rest. | Maintain bed rest and limit client activity to reduce oxygen demand. |
Nursing Care Plan for Cardiogenic Shock 4
impaired gas exchange
Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired gas exchange related to changes in the alveolar-capillary membrane and ventilation-perfusion dysfunction secondary to cardiogenic shock, evidenced by altered arterial blood gases (ABG), altered level of consciousness, rate, depth, and rhythm abnormal breathing, crackles, cyanosis,headache, hypercapnia, hypoxia and tachycardia.
Desired results:Patient will have ABG within normal range, oxygen saturation of 90% or greater, attentive and receptive mental status or no further drop in level of consciousness, relaxed breathing, and baseline HR for client that is consistent with a person having exchange of gases
| Nursing Interventions in Cardiogenic Shock | Justification |
| Assess the rate, rhythm, and depth of the patient's breathing. | Due to hypercapnia and hypoxia, the client's respiratory rate will increase during the early stages of shock. As the shock worsens, the client's breathing becomes shallow and he begins to hypoventilate. As a result of respiratory muscle exhaustion and decreased lung compliance, the client may experience respiratory failure. |
| Check client's pulse and blood pressure. | The client's blood pressure and heart rate will drop as shock progresses and arrhythmias may occur. |
| Examine the patient for any evidence of altered level of consciousness. | Hypoxia can cause headaches and restlessness. |
| Examine the client's lungs for areas of poor ventilation and the presence of unusual breath sounds. | Increased pulmonary capillary permeability and increased intraalveolar edema generate moist crackles. |
| Examine the skin, nail beds, and mucous membranes for cyanosis or paleness. | A compensatory vasoconstrictor response to hypoxemia could explain the pale, cool skin. Due to poor oxygenation and perfusion, the peripheral tissues become cyanotic. |
| Monitor the client's oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry. | Pulse oximetry is a technique for determining oxygen saturation levels. A normal oxygen saturation of 90% or higher should be maintained. |
| Assess client's arterial blood gas levels. | Hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis are indicated by an increase in PaCO2 and a decrease in PaO2. The respiratory rate will decrease as the client's condition deteriorates, while Pac02 will continue to increase. |
| Help client cough and suck if necessary. | If the client is unable to clear the airway efficiently, suction is used to remove secretions. |
| Elevate the head of the bed for the client. (semi hunter position) | Semi Fowler position allows for maximum airflow. |
| If oxygen therapy fails, prepare client for mechanical ventilation. | To avoid total decompensation, early intubation and mechanical ventilation are suggested. Mechanical ventilation is used to help the client maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation. |
Nursing Care Plan for Cardiogenic Shock 5
Anxiety
Nursing Diagnosis: Anxiety related to the unknown environment, change in health status andtimeof death, as evidenced by increased questioning, increased alertness, sympathetic stimulation, verbalized anxiety, uncooperative behavior, and agitation.
Desired results:
- The patient will use effective coping methods.
- The patient will verbalize a decrease in anxiety levels.
| Nursing Interventions in Cardiogenic Shock | Justification |
| Examine the client's past coping mechanisms. | Anxiety and methods to reduce perceived anxiety are largely personal. When interventions are compatible with the coping habit established by the client, they are more effective. However, these procedures may no longer be practicable in an intensive care setting. |
| Determine the client's anxiety level. | The shock can result in a life-threatening condition, causing the client and those close to them to experience extreme levels of anxiety. |
| Explain each technique to the client as needed, keeping explanations simple. | The information can help the client reduce their anxiety. Anxious customers tend to understand simple, direct, and concise instructions. |
| Encourage the client to express their emotions verbally. | Talking about anxiety-provoking situations and thoughts can help the client perceive the situation as less threatening. |
| Acknowledge that the nurse is aware of the client's anxiety. | Acceptance of the client's feelings is communicated by acknowledging the client's feelings. |
| Maintain a calm environment to reduce unwanted external stimuli. | Excessive talking, noise, and equipment near the client can exacerbate anxiety. |
| Maintain a confident and confident attitude when dealing with customers. Assure the customer and everyone involved that they will be closely monitored and immediate intervention will take place. | The customer can feel the anxiety of the staff. In a calm and non-threatening environment, the client's sense of security increases. The presence of a trusted person can make the client feel more secure. |
Nursing References
Ackley, B.J., Ladwig, G.B., Makic, M.B., Martinez-Kratz, M.R. y Zanotti, M. (2020).Nursing Diagnosis Manual: An Evidence-Based Guide to Care Planning. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.buy on amazon
Gulanick, M. y Myers, J. L. (2022).Nursing care plans: diagnoses, interventions and results. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.buy on amazon
Ignatavicius, D.D., Workman, ML, Rebar, C.R. y Heimgartner, N.M. (2020).Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts for interprofessional collaborative care. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.buy on amazon
Silvestri, LA (2020).Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN Exam. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.buy on amazon
Disclaimer:
Follow your facility's guidelines, policies, and procedures.
The medical information on this website is provided as an information resource only and is not to be used or misused for diagnostic or treatment purposes.
This information is intended for nursing education and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment.
FAQs
What is the nursing plan for cardiogenic shock? ›
The nursing care plan for clients with cardiogenic shock involves carefully assessing the client, observing cardiac rhythm, monitoring hemodynamic parameters, monitoring fluid status, and adjusting medications and therapies based on the assessment data.
What is the nursing priority for cardiogenic shock? ›Nursing and medical interventions for patients in cardiogenic shock are directed toward optimizing contractility, decreasing myocardial oxygen demand, and overall preserving the myocardium until myocardial blood flow is reestablished.
What can be the best nursing diagnosis for a patient with shock? ›Here are four (4) nursing care plans and nursing diagnoses for a hypovolemic shock: Decreased Cardiac Output. Deficient Fluid Volume. Ineffective Tissue Perfusion.
What is the diagnosis of cardiogenic shock? ›Overview. Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening condition in which your heart suddenly can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs. The condition is most often caused by a severe heart attack, but not everyone who has a heart attack has cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock is rare.
What are the patient goals for cardiogenic shock? ›The goal of cardiogenic shock treatment is to quickly restore blood pressure and heart function. This often requires a series of immediate treatments that are given in an ambulance or the emergency room.
What are interventions for cardiogenic shock? ›...
They include:
- Angioplasty and stenting. ...
- Balloon pump. ...
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Nursing Interventions
Give blood transfusion to increase the blood volume; thereby increasing the red blood cells and oxygen going around the body. Give epinephrine to increase peripheral vessel resistance. Provide a dopamine drip to shrink down the vessels in the peripherals.
Vasoactive medications such as dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, phenylephrine, and vasopressin are recommended to increase contractility and maintain blood pressure.
Which is the most important intervention in patients diagnosed with shock? ›Immediate treatment with intravenous (IV) fluid should be initiated, followed by vasopressor therapy, if needed, to maintain tissue perfusion. Depending on the underlying etiology of shock, specific therapies might also be needed.
What are the 4 nursing diagnosis? ›NANDA-I recognizes four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem focused diagnosis, risk diagnosis, health promotion diagnosis, and syndrome. Problem focused diagnoses, also known as actual diagnoses, are patient issues or problems that are present and observable during the assessment phase.
What are the nursing interventions for a patient in shock? ›
The nursing role in managing the patient with shock
Common interventions include adequate oxygen, fluid and/or drug therapy. In all cases the nurse needs to provide a safe environment for the patient who may be at risk due to a reducing level of consciousness and deteriorating vital signs.
Nursing diagnoses must include the problem and its definition, the etiology of the problem, and the defining characteristics or risk factors of the problem. The problem statement explains the patient's current health problem and the nursing interventions needed to care for the patient.
What is cardiogenic shock example? ›Most often the cause of cardiogenic shock is a serious heart attack. Other health problems that may lead to cardiogenic shock include heart failure, which happens when the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs; chest injuries; and blood clots in the lungs.
What are the 4 most important steps for treating shock? ›Seek emergency medical care
Keep the person still and don't move him or her unless necessary. Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as not breathing, coughing or moving. Loosen tight clothing and, if needed, cover the person with a blanket to prevent chilling.
Early restoration of coronary blood is the most important intervention and is the standard therapy for patients with cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction. The goal of medical management is to restore cardiac output and prevent irreversible end-organ damage rapidly.
What is the first priority for the treatment of shock? ›Shock requires emergency medical treatment. The first priority is to get blood pressure back up to normal. This may be done by giving blood and fluids through a vein. Blood-pressure-raising medicines may be administered.
What does a nurse monitor in the initial stage of shock? ›General assessments for shock
These are: Heart rate (many things cause an elevated heart rate, so be careful!) Respiratory rate and effort. Blood pressure (BIG ONE!)
Nurses should apply the concept of ABCs to each patient situation. Prioritization begins with determining immediate threats to life as part of the initial assessment and is based on the ABC pneumonic focusing on the airway as priority, moving to breathing, and circulation (Ignatavicius et al., 2018).
What is the most important goal of nursing care for a client who is in shock? ›The major goals for the patient are: Prevent recurrence of cardiogenic shock. Monitor hemodynamic status. Administer medications and intravenous fluids.
What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock? ›The main cause of cardiogenic shock is a heart attack, which is a complication of coronary heart disease. You can lower your risk of cardiogenic shock by taking steps to prevent a heart attack or other heart problems. This means adopting heart-healthy lifestyle changes to help prevent or treat coronary heart disease.
What happens in cardiogenic shock? ›
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump as much blood as the body needs. It can happen even if there hasn't been a heart attack if one of these problems occurs and your heart function drops suddenly.
What is nursing diagnosis in care plan? ›The nursing diagnosis is the nurse's clinical judgment about the client's response to actual or potential health conditions or needs.
What are the five nursing diagnosis? ›- Problem-Focused Nursing Diagnosis.
- Risk Nursing Diagnosis.
- Health Promotion Diagnosis.
- Syndrome Diagnosis.
- Possible Nursing Diagnosis.
- Assess the patient. The first step to writing a care plan is performing a patient assessment. ...
- Make a diagnosis. ...
- Set goals and outcomes. ...
- Determine nursing interventions. ...
- Evaluate the plan.
These are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
What is an actual nursing diagnosis sample? ›Actual diagnosis - a statement about a health problem that the client has and the benefit from nursing care. An example of an actual nursing diagnosis is: Ineffective airway clearance related to decreased energy as manifested by an ineffective cough.
Which is the best example of a nursing diagnosis? ›Which is the best example of a nursing diagnosis? Ineffective Breastfeeding related to latching as evidenced by non-sustained suckling at the breast. The formulation of nursing diagnoses is unique to the nursing profession.
What are nursing interventions for care plan? ›Nursing interventions are actions taken by the nurse to achieve patient goals and get desired outcomes — for example, giving medications, educating the patient, checking vital signs every couple hours, initiating fall precautions, or assessing the patient's pain levels at certain intervals.
Which intervention will the nurse include in the plan of care for patient with cardiogenic shock quizlet? ›Which intervention will the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient who has cardiogenic shock? Monitor breath sounds frequently. Norepinephrine has been prescribed for a patient who was admitted with dehydration and hypotension.
What are the nursing interventions of shock? ›Common interventions include adequate oxygen, fluid and/or drug therapy. In all cases the nurse needs to provide a safe environment for the patient who may be at risk due to a reducing level of consciousness and deteriorating vital signs.
How do you write a care plan for a nursing diagnosis? ›
- Step 1: Data Collection or Assessment. ...
- Step 2: Data Analysis and Organization.
- Step 3: Formulating Your Nursing Diagnoses. ...
- Step 4: Setting Priorities. ...
- Step 5: Establishing Client Goals and Desired Outcomes. ...
- Step 6: Selecting Nursing Interventions. ...
- Step 7: Providing Rationale.
- Step 8: Evaluation.
Diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis is the nurse's clinical judgment about the client's response to actual or potential health conditions or needs.
What is an example of nursing diagnosis? ›Examples of nursing diagnosis: risk for impaired liver function; urinary retention; disturbed sleep pattern; decreased cardiac output. On the other hand, a medical diagnosis is made by a doctor or advanced health care practitioner.